ПРОБЛЕМА СПРИЙНЯТТЯ У ФІЛОСОФІЇ Т. АДОРНО

Abstract

Solodilova O. V. The problem of perception in thephilosophy of T. Adorno. – Article.The article considers the peculiarities of the problemof perception in the philosophy of T. Adorno. The workof Theodore Adorno took place against the backgroundof the great social and cultural transformations thattook place in the twentieth century. As a philosopher,culturologist, sociologist, musicologist, TheodoreAdorno developed his theory of “negative dialectics”,within which he differentiated between individualand supra-individual, special and general. The articlesubstantiates that Theodore Adorno’s main achievementis his interpretation of a work of art, music, inparticular, as an independent autonomous subject thathas a transcendent character. Thus, rational positivethinking – both social and individual, which acquired itscharacteristics during the development of avant-gardeart, the birth of Postmodernism, in the era of societyof mass consumption and mass culture (pop culture),which in some way standardizes thinking, giving Adornoopposes the process of direct perception by the listenerand viewer of culture, music at the level of the objectiveexistence of a work of art, which, at the same time, hasan autonomous subjective nature. It is outlined thatthe main motive for this “immediacy” was (in Adorno’stheory) spontaneity – as a direct manifestation of humanfeelings, as a manifestation of rational and ideologicaldisengagement. Adorno meant the parity of the individualand the superindividual, which should give man a widerspace in the sense of manifestations of freedom – social,aesthetic, etc. today’s) culture – the ratio of the two polesof culture – “high” elite and “low” mass. Adorno deniedboth, arguing the need to free human consciousnessfrom any restrictions – social, aesthetic, etc. It isproved that the ultimate goal of such liberation Adornoconsidered the achievement of a certain level of socioculturalactivity of an individual who is able to creativelytransform not only himself but also society, which, on theone hand, has become super rational and, on the other,super influential. Became hostages of a totalitarian wayof thinking and living, participants in the formation of anew “monopolistic” society. Adorno’s views were fully inline with the guidelines and orientations of the FrankfurtSchool. At the same time, Adorno became a constant objectof criticism, both from avant-garde intellectuals and leftwingcircles, which became the main confrontationalbackground of the then Western establishment. Today,humanity has moved to a state of life in the informationglobal visualized digital society, in which the moral andvalue norms of the past look significantly undermined,aesthetic guidelines, orientations, tastes are intensivelyrevised pedagogy, which should respond to the worldviewand moral and ethical challenges of modern society.